Interview with leaders or managers in any organization Essay

Meeting with pioneers or administrators in any association - Essay Example As a unit administrator, she reports straightforwardly to the division supervisor of nursing. Her obligations incorporate arranging, sorting out, coordinating and controlling all parts of activities relating to the two units: cardiovascular and telemetry. Beside the medical attendant directors who are straightforwardly associated with administering medical caretakers for understanding consideration and for the conveyance of social insurance administrations, as unit administrator, she plays out all duties including organization and administration of the units. These duties incorporate execution examinations and assessment; planning of excursion leaves and observing of debilitated leaves; checking the upkeep and support of provisions and gear for the units, just as the general working of the patients’ rooms and enhancements and the crisis truck; finishing of reportorial prerequisites of staff medical attendants; and observing the upkeep of neatness and support of the unitsâ€⠄¢ offices to guarantee amplified activities of the units with insignificant expenses. When solicited what the significance from the board was as she would like to think, Ms. Rodgers answered that the term the board really included consistence with elements of arranging, sorting out, coordinating and controlling all viewpoints or zones being administered. Chiefs make a situation for viable presentation. They have the obligations of incorporating undertakings, structure, innovation, assets and individuals into a profitable and performing arrangement. As uncovered, Ms. Rodgers demonstrated that supervisors accomplish objectives through the endeavors of individuals and they need to structure systems to impact the conduct of the individuals they administer. In such manner, directors must be pioneers, also. Initiative was noted as the way toward impacting individuals with the goal that characterized objectives are adequately accomplished. Pioneers center around impacting conduct towards the achievement of a distinguished goal. They could or couldn't really be supervisors in associations. Then again,

Life Writing Fraudulent First Nations

Question: Examine about theLife Writingfor Fraudulent First Nations. Answer: Presentation A lie is alluded to a stunt utilized by somebody to lie, to imagine something which is misrepresentation and doesn't exist really. Progressively genuine lie alludes to the false exercises by somebody with the goal to hoodwink individuals so as to accomplish individual targets. Dim Own was viewed as a trick as he embraced Fraudulent First Nations as his own distinguishing proof and accomplished distinction being a protectionist which was a bogus disclosure. despite what might be expected, JT LeRoy deceived individuals about the genuine presence as a youngster or as a lady in the late thirties. It has been seen that JT LeRoy showed up as a man with another bogus name while no one knew his genuine name and about his reality. Furthermore, Gray Owl had been considered as a noticeable creator was known as extraordinary progressive who attempted to spare a beaver in Canada from termination and in this way viewed as fabrication. In any case, the expectation of Gray Owl to follow scam is to s pare individuals that is deception in accordance with some basic honesty which was accepted by individuals through his demonstration. Despite what might be expected, JT LeRoy intentionally bamboozled individuals by concealing the genuine recognizable proof which brought about scattering of trust after the arrival of his few books. Along these lines, JT LeRoy can be said to have executed the more genuine deception since, JT LeRoy planned to delude individuals by applying the fake demonstration sequestered from everything the genuine recognizable proof. Also, the demonstration and extortion attempted by JT LeRoy was in no acceptable confidence yet it influenced trust of the individuals and considered as a fiction while a large number of them built up JT LeRoy as an exploiter. Considering the expectation of acting fabrication of both the culprits, Gray Owl and JT LeRoy, I might want to excuse Gray Owl since his lie was in accordance with some basic honesty that is proposed to spare individuals. Be that as it may, JT LeRoy hoaxed individuals with the aim of concealing the genuine personality which in the end influence their trust and convictions. Taking into account the video, it has been seen that the lady hoaxed her companions for her harmed hair which appeared to be phony. The lady of the hour began trimming her harmed hair while other companion on the opposite side was diverted which mirrors the deceitful demonstration made to delude individuals. As I would see it, hair of the lady of the hour was not looked unique while it was progressively similar to a wig worn by the lady to show something which was not genuine. It was seen that one of the three bridesmaid neglected to take care of champagne to the lady of the hour while the other bridesmaid neglecte d to support on fixing the harmed hair. Be that as it may, it is has all the earmarks of being phony when the lady of the hour herself began to remove the hair as the other bridesmaid was giggling. Had it been genuine occurrence, the bridesmaid would not snicker at the lady of the hour for the difficulty she encountered for her wedding. In this way, as I would like to think the lady is viewed as a genuine lie who tricked individuals and watchers for the harmed hair which was really a wig. Reference index lady of the hour has gigantic Hair Wig Out (ORIGINAL). in , 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nFDnC8SSWQ [accessed 9 February 2017].

Misgovernance As A Security Threat In Bangladesh - Free Sample

Question: Examine about the contextual investigation of misgovernance as a security risk in Bangladesh? Answer: Presentation Corporate misgovernance happens when the organization doesn't keep the principles and guideline surrounded by the law of the nation in which it works. Corporate administration is a significant factor in creating financial specialists certainty with the goal that they make an interest in the securities exchange. Because of corporate misgovernance, the entire capital market has a fell. Before understanding the idea og misgovernance it is basic to comprehend the administration part. Corporate administration is a framework through which organizations are controlled and coordinated. Corporate administration comprises of the market and administrative system, it depicts the jobs and duties of the executives, the directorate, investors and the companys objective. Corporate culture began creating with the development of ventures (Barthwal-Datta, 2009). Be that as it may, today the subjects like the organization and bank disappointments, bankruptcy, pay off, defilement , cheats like producing, accounts control and so forth have expanded all things considered. The principles of todays business require recognized consideration and explanatory treatment from professionals and monetary financial specialists. We people tend to cover everything and accept that it won't influence the future and everything will be correct. Our psyches have an incredible capacity to guide itself and beguile itself through foreordained channels. Human has created insatiability and his infection has developed intersection all the limits (Blackburn Forgues-Puccio, 2007). Benefit is significant, however acquiring benefit ought not turn into the main objective. At the point when benefit is earned through ill-advised methods then it will in general wreck riches and assists with making destitution. Eagerness is one of the most significant purpose behind making a downturn in the monetary. There should exist morals so the economy capacities accurately. Morals ought to be with the end goal that they are in dividuals focused. Corporate Misgovernance To comprehend corporate misgovernance it is imperative to initially comprehend the importance of corporate administration. Corporate administration implies the practices, procedures and rules by which the foundation is sorted out and coordinated. It includes keeping up the parity in light of a legitimate concern for variousstakeholderslike the executives, investors, providers, agents, clients, network and the administration. Aside from accomplishing companys objective, it likewise helps in arranging the activities of the administration, inner control, corporate revelation and execution estimation (Craig-Wood, 2011). For quite a while, Indian corporates have gotten themselves far from healthy turns of events. Corporate administration must secure network estimations of life, cultural desires and custom, condition and financial qualities. It ought to give comes back to the financial specialists and investors like fiscal return. Corporate administration ought to be with the end goal that it ought to have the option to ensure the financial estimations of the investors. Corporate Misgovernance happens when the association can't achieve its obligations. In light of increment in the contentions and rivalry between the network and the investors corporate misgovernance happens. With the development of debasement in the administration parts and in the different administrations gave by them, it underpins the business association and the board of the business association to enjoy different untrustworthy practices. The organization which are state-possessed involve a significant situation in the economy of the nation and in light of the fact that they have the imposing business model, they enjoy exploitative exercises and passes the expense of corporate misgovernance to the buyers for all the administrations and items gave by them. It could be seen that a considerable lot of the business associations which are exclusive enjoy corporate misgovernance. In the association which are express own practically all the workers enjoys corporate misgovernance, while in the association which are exclusive just the top administration are engaged with corporate misgovernance, which implies that in the private association the representatives at lower levels act in a superior manner and are not a piece of such criminal operations. A considerable lot of the business association utilize different unlawful strategies to get more cash-flow. Contamination control, keeping away from kid work are considered as approaches to improve activities of the organization than unimportant issues of good conduct. The rundown of different criminal operations existing in the business association these days are referenced beneath. Abusing the businesses permit to maintain a strategic distance from contenders to enter the business. To win more and brisk benefit import permit are abused. To meet venture and operational expense they hold the cash abroad in an illicit way. They offer pay off to the administration authority to win extraordinary favorable circumstances for their association. Debasement and good chapter 11 Debasement is broad around the world. There exist two fundamental driver for the presence of defilement: First explanation being Greed and the subsequent explanation being the need. Necessities can be provided food by expanding the compensation bundles however covetousness can't be cooked by pay bundle and there is no limit to it (Gangopadhyay, 2011). It is dismal to state yet the facts confirm that ethical insolvency and defilement exist in today business which will in general disregard the business morals. This causes bankruptcies and bank disappointments. The individuals enjoy unethical exercises like sneaking, medicate dealing, defilement, controlling the budgetary records. Debasement can be grouped in two structures. The first is Democratic Corruption implies making illicit installment and the second is Anarchical Corruption implies pay-offs paid to specialists to complete the work. Operators go about as center men of the ideological group which are in power. Defilement is caused because of political issues. Because of increment in the degree of debasement, it influences the economy of the nation. Speculation and entrepreneurialism are prematurely ended, lost in numerous chances, developments are deferred. Defilement can't be covered up effectively and it is openly talked about, discussed and analyzed. On the off chance that an economy needs to energize venture, at that point it ought to have long haul monetary objectives which rely predominantly upon political agreements (Gibbons, 2015). At whatever point any new ideological group comes in powers and the new pastor or government topples the past agreements then the economy can just have momentary ventures on account of which financial development will be hampered. Defilement is one of the most significant purpose behind poor administration. Different investigations show that debasement decreases open gaining and expands open spending. In this manner, monetary shortfalls increment and it makes it hard for the legislature in running great financial strategy. Because of good chapter 11 and the reduction in the worth arrangement of individual in all the nations climate be it created nations or creating nations and the expanding propensity of the individuals to become rich soon they get included into exercises like phony and tricks like illegal tax avoidance etc(Hsieh, 2009). Tricks caused because of tax evasion causes money related misery which at last causes monetary liquidation. It is terrible yet the facts confirm that by keeping up and financing the non-performing/non-profitable resources purposely covered up in monetary records causes significant issues like money related fumble, advance defaults, liquidity issues which eventually causes insolvency. It is extremely pitiful however evident that exchange in dark cash has become set up business practice these days around the world, increasingly articulated in nations like creating nations. Like for instance when property dealings are done like the acquisition of house than the purchaser are required to pay 60% of the expense of the structure in dark and the remainder of the 40% through check. The sum paid with a money order is white cash and that 40% is viewed as the cost of the deal deed. Many research considers show that generally 10% of the G.D.P. is dark cash as per the investigation led in the year 2012. There exist different unlawful sources to win cash. One such illicit source is Black Income. A portion of the significant sources are taking pay off, carrying, dark promoting and so forth. Accepting hush money, unlawful commission and such different types of illicit pay regularly gets unnoticed yet they produce dark cash in the nation (Gibbons, 2015). The difficult managerial practices support the act of oil cash. For instance, if a distinct individual needs any records from any administration workplaces than he needs to present a great deal of reports which requires a ton of time and endeavors and to spare time and to get the archives effectively they will in general pay off. There exist no method to gauge the measure of dark cash streaming as far as outside and neighborhood money. Second criminal behavior is sneaking. Carrying has got consideration as of late. A ton of items are carried into ocean ports in an illicit way to different nations. The different items are pirated so as to spare the installment of customs obligation and they are taken items (Kaufmann, 2004). The third comprise of criminal operations like to maintain a strategic distance from obligations and charges, unregistered firms are arrangement. They create manufacturing plants and acquire a permit of those rare materials which are accessible in the market including some built-in costs. They additionally acquire assets from saves money with an aim to default. For handling these issues like dark cash, sneaking, defilement following advances is required. With the expansion in the ravenousness and childishness of people in general, a profound quality based administration of business framework ought to be created which will in general make the moral qualities significant. It will in general make a durable connection with the business morals which should be followed in the budgetary association (Kidd Condron, 2007). Except if deceitful thought processes and narrow minded administration are not destroyed from the association or the nation it is practically difficult to build up a moral d omain in the nation or the association

Up in Arms About Writing Service?

Up in Arms About Writing Service? The academic writing is a little very similar to other styles of writing like professional or company writing. Writing an essay assignment is a difficult enough job for everybody, and the help you'll be able to gain from essay assistance is a rather practical aid. A teacher is a person who's highly trained and works to engage the minds of their students. Getting good in formal or objective writing isn't enough to be a great academic writer. Be a superior reader To be a great writer you have to be a patient reader at first. Go smoothly You cannot edit your article when you are writing it. Every writer should believe. The essay writer need to know how to structure an essay correctly and likewise be able to share their research clearly and succinctly. The Ultimate Approach for Writing Service Bulk article writing has an important function in assuring that you accomplish your goals for success. While paying top prices for articles is never a guarantee you're likely to obtain quality, when you decide to pay extremely lower prices, the odds are something is not perfect. Business owners may outsource nearly every task because of this. You'll not just retain customers, but you are going to create new and referral company, effectively increasing conversion prices. New Step by Step Roadmap for Writing Service Simply order the content you require, if you need it. In summary, you have to put excellent content at the core of your promotional strategy. However good is the solution but in the event the content is written poorly, it is going to kill your merchandise. A content writing service is ideal to utilize for all kinds of article which ought to be efficiently written. All its writers have over 5 decades of writing experience and several are connected with the company because it started its operations from Hong Kong. Readers usually browse the web for ideas and ideas. For that reason, it is not shocking to receive many students looking for online writing services rather than doing independently. The Writing Service Game Some even have phenomenal data in the area of forming music. You've got to build skills to guard yourself and might have to act as your own collections agent part-time. The site enables the students to obtain their academic papers done in an illuminating and compelling way. Academic writing building a research paper rides on the grade of the idea and data supplied in th at research paper. What You Can Do About Writing Service Starting in the Next Three Minutes So it's necessary to experience writing to be able to have the ability to rewrite. Research well before writing Whenever you get started writing on a specific topic, do a comprehensive investigating to maximize your understanding of that topic. Within an exploratory newspaper, you're requested to check past the obvious answers in order to discover distinctive points of opinion which you can on occasion help in resolving the issue. You need to always be attempting to increase your writing at each step by exposing yourself to various varieties of writing styles and reading many articles. Ultimately, proofreading is vital. The academic writing falls in the class of formal as it's impersonal. It's also important to not forget that grammar isn't timeless. An amazing fine language needs to be used while still writing. The Start of Writing Service The writing service provides you access t o creatively charged wordsmiths that are all set to write when you want them to write. If you're going to use an article writing service, it is going to be vital that you consider how you desire your business or service to be reflected to the people who is going to be reading the articles. The next time you're selecting an article writing service, here are a number of things to look at. If you would like to find more regarding the service without simply relying on the on-line reviews and feedbacks from your groupmates, have a look at the webpage you are able to place an order at. In the event of errors or missed information, our writers are prepared to correct such difficulties. You will readily craft an engaging article by utilizing different forms of information. Before signing the document you must swear or declare that what you've written or recorded in a form is the reality. Only you've got access to your private information. Understanding Writing Service The previous part of the writing process is revising of the very first draft. It is a process, and in order to write well, focusing on the process can phenomenally boost your skills. There are a lot of paths to choose in the area of writing. Everybody who is teaching adult students isn't functioning as an engaging and thoroughly effective educator.

The American National Government And Politics - 2098 Words

Caroline Araskog Dr. Melchiore Laucella American National Government and Politics 6/25/2015 The Life of the U.S. Constitution President Abraham Lincoln once proclaimed that, â€Å"no man is good enough to govern another man without the other’s consent.† Although Lincoln’s statement is targeted towards the practice of slavery, his wisdom can be applied to the thirteen colonies that yearned to be independent of the tyrant, King George III. The colonists sought to achieve their own democratically run government that provided a land for the people as opposed to Great Britain’s monarchical regime. The idyllic system of government the rebels envisioned called for a less powerful central government and enabled the people and states to have their own policy and say. That being said, the framer’s first attempt to create a less involved central government with the Articles of Confederation fell short in several respects. By looking at the historical background of the Framers, it is evident that the U.S. Constitution was the product of numerous hours of alterations and inputs tha t served to create a body of government that set the law for the people. The creation of the United States Constitution can be traced back to those individuals and historic events that spurred a necessary change in the specific role government should play in society. Historical study tends to myopically direct the credit of the United States Constitution to the Founding Fathers when in reality; there wereShow MoreRelatedThe Sense of Cooperation Between African Americans and Latinos in Politics1151 Words   |  5 Pagesmany decades now African-Americans and Latinos have had a major role in American politics. 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Spatial Distribution of the Primary Health Care Facilities...

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA (A GIS Approach ) By Adewara Monsur Babalola thawben@gmail.com,monsurbabalola@yahoo.com Abstract The analytical capability of GIS has been explored in this work in an attempt to enhance the distribution of primary health care services in Enugu State Southeast Nigeria. With due consideration to the importance of health to the overall well being of every nation, the need for effective planning and management of the health care facilities in order to achieve optimum result in the country, can not be overemphasized. Information as to what is where is ever useful for any meaningful planning programme to be achieved. To facilitate the necessary information†¦show more content†¦Thus, necessitate the present research interest in solving the problem where the political willingness is available to implement recommendations. 3. Aim and Objectives of the Project The aim of the project is to investigate the nature of spatial distribution of primary health care service delivery in the state This aim is set to be actualized through a number of objectives namely †¢ To identify and acquire the most crucial or relevant dataset/information about f location of medical facilities, prevailing manpower and equipment from reliable source. †¢ To develop a GIS database for the acquired information about the medical facilities in the study area †¢ To determine spatial efficiency (in terms of geographical coverage) of the existing medical facilities in the study area. †¢ To determine community based accessibility/proximity to the nearest medical facility. †¢ To determine the ratio of man to prevailing medical facility (RMF) The actualization of these objectives using GIS as a decision support tool will ultimately assist the government in health sectorial reform 4. Project Justification Nigeria is renowned to have the highest figure (704-1500 deaths in 100,000 lives) for mortality rate in the world (Lanre- Abass, 2008). This is also true for infant mortality which is reported to be of about 73.34 deaths in 1000 births (Awosika-Olumo, 2002). These figures are alarming and threatening and a

Macbeth does murder sleep essay Example For Students

Macbeth does murder sleep essay Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep (2, 2, 47) These are words speaking of an evil person. As much of the play Macbeth is about. The play starts with evil, the three witches burrying different wierd objects. As well as throughout the majority of the play, evil is the basis of all within this story. The blood in this story is evil. And I dont mean the blood which pours from a dying king. I mean blood in the sense of gore, and violence. The whole play it self is full of fights. The plot goes from a fight to a scence that plans a fight, to a fight, to a scene ith more planning or reflection. Its a viscious cycle in this play. Its all violence. I suppose that would be ok if your making an action movie staring Arnold Schwarzeneger, but this is supposed to be a classic, a tragedy, the only tragedy was that it sucked. A playwrite such as Shakespeare wouldnt have wrote a play of just violence. He actually has good content in his plays. Although there is a bit of good content in this play. Theres just no transition of it within the play. It hardly makes any sense. All of this further makes me believe that there are scenes missing. The witches are pure evil as well. they are the ones who filled Macbeths head with all these visions of power. Which in turn transformed Macbeth into a psychotic killing machine. Before he met the witches, he was an innocent warrior, an honorable fighter of the king. But once the witches filled him with greed, he no longer was a loyalist of the king. He in a short period of time pulled a hundred and eighty degree turn and did the furthest thing from loyal he possibly could of done to the king, he killed him in his sleep. And if that isnt evil enough, he blamed it on two loyal, innocent gaurds, and slaughtered them on the spot. Lady Macbeth is as well pure evil. She is the persuassion behind Macbeth. He would never of murdered Duncan if Lady Macbeth hadnt persuaded him to. Macbeth was too full o the milk of human kindness. Perhaps Macbeth would have received the throne loyaly and honorably to begin with. Many times Macbeth had tried to back down from killing Duncan, but Lady Macbeth wouldnt of let that happen. She made fun of him, called him down. She did what was necessary to keep him from chickening out. Perhaps Macbeth did whatever she told him to because of sex. Lady Macbeth certainly is made out to be a very sexy woman in the play. She may have used her powers of sex to persuade her husband to perform the irreversible deeds. The murder of Duncan caused a chain effect on Macbeth, making it necessary (in Macbeths eyes) to kill Banquo, Macduffs wife and children, and all the other innocent casualties. Although there are many evil objects in this play, the most evil of them all is greed. No matter who was more influenced by this power, Lady Macbeth to become queen or Macbeth to become king, it caused this whole predicament. If Macbeth didnt care at all about becoming the king, he probably wouldnt have murdered Duncan to become king, and to later have his life fall apart. Throughout the play Macbeth, there were many very evil people, places, and things. The evil in in the play was a domino effect. Starting with the withches, and ending with Macduff taking Macbeths head. The evil, be it the witches, his wife, or greed, ended it with a blood bath of revenge.

Investigation into Enthalpy of Neutralisation Essay Example

Investigation into Enthalpy of Neutralisation Essay The aim of this investigation is to show that heat of neutralisation is an exothermic reaction which produces water. The amount of energy given out for one mole of water is about -57.3 kJ/mol. This needs to proven by this experiment as well.ResultsStage OneThese are the results I gained from the titration.Titrant (HCl)Rough12Initial (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)121022Final (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)22.520.732Titre (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)10.510.710Stage TwoThe results gained are as follows:Time (s)Temp for expt.1 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)Temp for expt.2 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)Average temp (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)0161616518.21818.101025.124.9251528.527.828.152029.428.929.153029.529.129.34029.529.129.35029.529.129.36029.529.129.37029.529.129.38029.529.129.39029.529.129.310029.529.129.312029.229.129.1514029.028.928.9516028.628.228.418027.927.727.820026.826.926.8522026.126.326.224025.525.725.6Calculations for Stage OneConcentration of NaOHMoles = MassMolar massMoles = 8g(23+16+1) = 40= 0.2Therefore concentration of NaOH is 0.2 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½.Concentration of diluted bench HClMoles of NaOH in 10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = V à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C = 10 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.2 = 0.002 moles1000 1000Equation NaOH + HCl à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaCl + H2OMoles 1 1Vol/cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10 10.4 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ This figure is the average titre gained from Stage One.Conc. g/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 8 xFrom the equation 1 mole of NaOH reacts with 1 mole of HCl to give 1 mole of NaCl and H2O. However, there are only 0.002 moles of NaOH and therefore there must be 0.002 moles of HCl. The concentration of HCl can be worked out the following equation.Concentration = Moles à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1000 = 0.002 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 = 0.19 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Volume 10.4Concentration of the bench HClThe dilute bench HCl is diluted by a factor of ten and its concentration was found to be 0.19mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. The bench HCl should be ten times more concentrated.Bench HCl (dilute) = 0.19 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Bench HCl = 0.19 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10 = 1.9 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Therefore bench HCl has a concentration of 1.9 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½.Calculations for Stage TwoIn this stage the heat of neutralisation needs to be worked. Firstly, a graph needs to be plotted with the results from stage two in order to work out the maximum temperature rise. Refer to graph 1.Heat of NeutralisationHeat of neutralisation for this experiment can be represented by the following ionic equation:H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2H2O (l) (Na+ (aq) and Cl- (aq) are spectator ions)The equation for heat of neutralisation is as follows:Q = M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ SHC à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ?TFor this experiment an assumption is made that the specific heat capacities of NaOH (aq) and HCl (aq) are the same as that of water, which is 4.2 J/g à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C.The temperature of NaOH and HCl was 16à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C at room temperature. When HCl was added neutralisation took place this is an exothermic reaction which produced a maximum temperature of 29.3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C (which is shown on graph 1).Heat of neutralisation is worked out by adding the heat rece ived by the solution to the heat received by the polystyrene cup. To simplify the calculations I am assuming that polystyrene is an insulator and it only takes a very small amount of the heat of neutralisation.Calculations to work out heat of neutralisationHeat from neutralisation = Heat received by waterQ = M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ SHC à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ?TQ = 20 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4.2 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 13.3Q = 1111.88 J/moleQ = 1.11 kJ/moleThe moles of water formed is 0.02 which can be worked out by referring to the word equation. For stage two the bench acid was used. It was worked out that 10cm3 of NaOH consists of 0.002 moles for the diluted bench HCl (this is diluted by a factor of ten). Therefore the bench acid on its own must consist of 0.02 moles. By ratio the equation shows that 0.02 moles of NaOH reacts with 0.02 moles of HCl to form 0.02 moles of water.Therefore the heat of neutralisation per mole= Q = 1117.2 = 55860 = -55.86 kJ/molmoles 0.02EvaluationThe experiment went according to plan and ther e were no anomalous readings in stage two. The aim of the experiment was completed successfully. The heat of neutralisation (exothermic) in my experiment was -55.86 kJ/mol which was very close to the actual reading of -57.3 kJ/mol. My result was within an accuracy of 2.51%. This loss in accuracy may have been due to heat losses through convection, conduction and radiation. This can be minimised by using a vacuum flask which is shown below:The experiment was also simplified because the heat received by the polystyrene beaker was assumed to be negligible. The experiment could have been modified so that the heat received by the polystyrene beaker was also taken account of. This would have produced an accurate result for the heat of neutralisation.In order to investigate this experiment further I would try different acids (sulphuric acid) and alkalis (sodium chloride) in order to prove that heat of neutralisation works for any strong acid or alkali.

price and place Essays

price and place Essays price and place Essay price and place Essay Lecture 5: PRICE AND PLACE Price: Define the pricing concept and explain different pricing methods ( cost oriented, competitor oriented and market oriented pricing) -Explain pricing strategies for new products( market penetration and market skimming) AND existing products. ( Understand condition and when we can use it) -Consider ethical issue in pricing ( dont think it will be on the exam) PLACE: Define place(distripution) concept and explain the role of intermediaries in distribution channel Describe types of distribution channels Explain factors to consider in formulating channel strategy Consider ethical issues in distribution Past exam questions: 1 . Define two pricing strategies for new products: MARKET SKIMMING AND MARKET PENETRATION. List the conditions which are suitable for each of these strategies according y. Provide examples for each strategy. 2. Critically assess the benefits of two pricing strategies for new products: market skimming dn market penetration. Discuss which pricing method you would use and why in lunching the new phone and the game console PS4 PRICE: What will happen if we charge too much for a product o too little? If you charge too little, then you have to understand that demand fo a product or service could be igh, we will be losing a profit for the organization, and if you charge too much for a poduct we have to think about competitors, who can charge less than us. 1. Pricing Concept: Out of marketing mix(4Ps) Pice is the revenue earner. The other thee elements of the marketing mix product, promotion and place are costs. 2. THE DEMAND CURVE: In the demand curve we r talking about the product and the price relathionship. For example is you charge E50 FOR A particular t-shirt or Jeans , then the quantity in the market could be lets say 2000 units. If they decries the price from E50 to E30 then you xcept the demand fo the product to increase from Quantityl to quantity 2. And from 2000 units demand can be now 3000 units. By reducing the price from E50 to E30 we increased demand for pear of Jeans to go from 2000 to 3000 units. The products that we are buying at the supermarket when a huge sells promotion and then demand increased is and this is called PRODUCT AND PRICE ELASTILITYCY or we say that the price is elastic in this case. By increasing the price, we are not able to increase demand of the product. If you think about market with luxury objects like watch, increase in price not necessary impact increase in demand of this product. Even sometimes aecrles In prlce can sena negative signal to tne market. Example: the guitar producer; very high quality producer. When they decided to demand their prices of 30% send negative signal to the customers and the company suffered. There are also product which are price elastic. There are also other factors which demands: like promotion, if you talk about different region of the country, income levels per country, tradition, 3. PRICING METHODS: (strategies) -Cost Oriented Pricing: The simple pricing method takes into account all cost of producer product then we ad additional mark up. Two types are: Full Cost Pricing: pricing takes into account full cost of making product which can be fixed and variable and adds mark up. This can include fixed cost and also variable cost. Direct Cost Pricing: Calculation of only those costs that are likely to rise as output increases ( variable costs) -fixed costs: these costs dont change as output increases , for ex: office and manufacturing facilities. Variable costs: the cost that increases as output increases, for ex: raw materials, electricity. Lets assume that full cost of producing one pair of Jeans E50 (its included fixed cost as well variable cost), hen of to of them we want additional 20% so we happy to sell it fo E60 ( Elo OF Profit on each Jeans). Direct cost involved : we can only take in to account only variable cost; we ignore fixed cost. FULL COST PRICING: A DVANTAGES: By using full cost pricing we include all cost incurred , were would it be the fixed cost or variable cost. So it is gives an indication of the minimum price, needed to make a profit. If you dont charge the minimum price to make a profit then company will be making a lose It X has the constraint, we use other methods. AND this will be competetitive pricing as well marketing orientation price. If you dont consider all cost in the long term company will be making lose o could go bankrupt because if you dont cover all the cost in term it is difficult to make a profit and if you are not making a profit, you wont be able to cover the cost in the long term. CRITICISMS: Because its looks in a personal orientation rather than in external marketing orientation by charging a price, we are ignoring the customer willingness to pay. Lets assume that I develop a new product for example a laptop, and using a new software. Each laptop costs me E2000 to produce. How much profit I want to make Lets say 25%. Lets charge E500 more so my laptop is E2500. As a manufacturer I decide that I sell the laptop for E2500. It will be success? Everything depends on demand. Either the customers may be able to purchase the product and if they are willing to buy my product or not? E2500 may be too expensive and the customers will for another cheaper option. The second is followed strictly, leads to incise in price when demand falls. So when I produced my laptop it was E2000 this include fixed and variable cost; And every time demand falls for the laptop because is to expensive; And I need to still cover my fixed cost. facilities I use in the factory o fixed salary to my employees. So every time demand falls, for example I expected to sell 10. 000 units of my laptop, but I sold Just only 5000. So I still need to cover the fixed cost (for the factory, fixed salary and so on). So what happened is: the price for a product will increase because you want to cover more rather than chargingE 2. 500, now I need to cnarge Decause I nave more costs to cover so I need to cnarge E4000. When you think about it ,it doesnt make logical sense; from the market point of view because my product sold already because there is no much demand and nstead of reducing the price or changing some feature of the product you are increasing the price of the product to cover all my costs and the result will be that my company would go bankrupt. Is illogical because a Sales estimate is made before a price is set. Maybe problems in allocating overheads. The fixed cost for the organization is E50. OOO; I expect to produce 50 units and I expect to sell 50 units. So all those E50. OOO fixed cost each product will allocate EIOOO. It is difficult point of view because reality point of view we have competitors and the market acceptability of the product. And the last problem is: when I produce or example various product with in one organization it will be very difficult to allocate all head cost like electricity, rent and labour. Without to be technical what its means is when you have overhead cost such like rent, gas I will have to allocate those cost into each product. The where you allocate those costs actually will define how much the product will cost. And is very complex process, if you get it wrong some product may not be sale very well in the market , some good product actually could be pull out of the market because of the wrong allocation of the overall. DIRECT COST PRICING: Advantages: We ignore fixed cost we Just consider the variable cost; and direct cost relevant in producing one additional product in the manufacture facility. Why would I do it What are the advantages of ignoring the fixed cost Direct cost pricing avoid the problems of allocating the overhead; Indicates price up demand the problem because rather than allocating the fixed cost every time to a product we are putting in the side, we are only consider cost directly reverent to each unit of the product. Lowest price which allows the marketing people to identify the lowest price which makes sense to charge for the product. For example: If you think about Hotel or airline industry; there are some fixed cost there are also some variable cost. Airline ; ex: there are 200 seats every day on particular fly from London to Madrid. If there are 200 seats by rather we fly with 1 person or 200 people, the price, the fixed cost incurred will remain the same, but variable cost changes. For each ticket to fly we are charging E200, out of those E200, EIOO is a fixed cost (such as salary of the pilot, fuel, the charges we pay to the airport) and there are EIOO variable cost which is directly related to each passenger (the meals provided, drinks and so on). If you are the manager for this airline on the particular date only 10 people fly there will be very difficult to cover all cost. So you have dilemma and you know you cant charge E200 for a ticket, but what you can do , you can charge El 50 or E120. What does it allow us to do When we charge El 50 thats definitely covering the fixed cost, we cant do anything about it. But on top of that is also allowing us to earn what we call PROFIT MARGEN of E50. So when we sell the ticket for El 50, EIOO covers the all additional costs and variable costs and on the top of that we have E50 extra; this E50 wont cover nls Tull Tlxea cost, nowever Its covers some 0T tne Tlxea costs wnlcn Is DeneTlclal to the company. If we wont sell the tickets for a El 50 still for any lost seats on the airplane we are losing fixed EIOO (the fixed cost) So if you sell any ticket abo the EIOO it is benefitial. Criticisms: When business is buoyant, we have more demand for a product an it doesnt give any correct indication of optimum price customer is willing to pay because in this case we are charging low and actually price of the product; Using airline as a example, when we are charging direct cost pricing it can work only in the short term because if you se the strategy in the long term it means in the long term you are not covering your fixed cost and company in the future will be making significant loses SUmarazing the DIRECT COST PRICING it is a good strategy, but Just for a short time. PRICING METHODS: 1. COMPETITOR ORIENTED PRICING : Our pricing depends on what the competitors charge. Going- rate pricing: when we thing that our product or service is not different in a particular market and doesnt have any differentiation and doesnt have any competitive advantages the company will accept going rate. For example raw materials like otton; if you buying particular product it can be the same , however competitors can provide additional services, for example: better customer service , it could provide better credit terms. Ex: REAL TED TO THE Steel stake holder Trummans, who sales steel. They have the same steel product sales to the customers ; one of the strategies Trummans uses to sales the steel to the large organizations, it develop strategy of delivering on the time and there was the price guaranty saying that if they dont deliver on the time they will give 10% of money back. This strategy was so successful for organizations. Producer they were willing to pay 5% more. Competitive bidding: This happens more often in business-to-business market (82B), when organization are selling products or services to another organization. One of the difficulties in competitive bidding; example NHS or school authorities decided to build 10th additional school and they want the other instruction companies in the I-JK to bid the contract. One of the challenges in competitive bidding is charge blind. You do your research, and then you charge. Usually the supplier will choose the lowest (most competitive) price. If you were working for a particular community who should decide ho should the build the school. What are the other factors you would consider? Factors apart from price we consider, how reliable is the construction company; what are the time frame, did they build schools before, do they have the skills, is there guaranty, and many other factors. 2. Marketing orientated pricing: its listens to the market and his strategy is obviously reflected in there. There are some key factors: a) Marketing strategy: when you thinking about pricing the product o service, each should be in line with the marketing strategy. For example when we launch a new product there are TWO STRATEGIES available to us: MARKET SKIMMING or PRICE PENETRATION and both of those methods could be use when we launch a new product. You cant use both in one time; you can use one or tne otner. Ana tnen It wlll nave tne marketing consequence. What is our positing strategy: when we are launching a new product our choice of target market and creating differentiation advantage, the value is delivered to the customes. For example: when first calculators were developed they had 3 key segments: they had engineers and scientists who pay high values to the calculator and accountants and bankers and general public. o for the first segment they charged E250 per calculator, when for general public when Casio entered the market was Elo or less. So managers should decided which target market they should concentrate on, and understand the values. When we think about Mercedes Case study, we look on over their sells to higher customers then and now they are increasing their segment, they are bringing modify versions of the cars which are bit cheaper to the high car segment. Merceds by producing different models, modify the versions of the models they are able to charge different prices and then attract the arger segments B)Price quality relationship: there is a relationship between price and the quality received by customer. Many people use the price as a indicator of the quality of the product or service. The study has shown that higher price of the cars presets higher quality. Ex: pills for the pain. They were two types of pills, one E2. 50 ,other EO. 50, but they were the same pills. But after research on customers , the consumers said that pills for E2. 50 were working better. Another example is trying the wine, test with 2 bottle of wine. c) Product Line pricing: you looking in existing roduct and you expending product range so you can charge different price ranges. For example, when you think about Apple, when they launched iPod shuffle for E50, when the iPod cost E250. By bringing the simple version of the iPod, you are attractive new segment, because there is a massive different between to pay E50 and E250. and this increase the revenue for the organization And profit. However, you need to be very careful by charging to little for the product to an attractive a new segment, and it can send it confusing message to the other segment. d) Negotiating margins: is where we expecting the price reduction. When we pay the price different from the list price. It can depend on getting large order, paying cash in developing countries which is an advantage. if the negotiating price is a part of the culture, of tradition; and those companies who are launching their product in this particular country should be it should take it this in to the count with their pricing strategy. d) Political factors: If you charge high prices and the public cry European commission can intervene, like for medicine products and childrens games. For example in the I-JK regulation off come had to reduce the prices like orange. If there is situation of monopoly and the only one organization provides the service or oligopoly,when we have few large players in the market , market should be tightly controlled by organizations which consider competition and protects their customers. For example if you think about recent out cry of increase prices of electricity and gas by 10%, so you have 6 large players in the I-JK market which dominate 95% of the market. So if they decide to increase the price by 10% those 6 organizations work together and is very difficult for the customers to go somewhere else because you dont have an option. Politician can entered and hold them for the price changes. e) Costs: what every we do in the market, in the future the price we charge should cover all cost consider, whatever it could be variable cost or fixed cost as such. f) Effect on OlstrlDutors/ retallers: wnen we use tne OlstrlDutors, Tor example IT you nave aalry product manufacturer and you sale your products through the supermarkets. In this case when you change the price, you need also consider rules of the retailers. For example, the Mullher yogurts, if you want to use penetration pricing distributors can refuse your product, it is not much profit to be made. ) Competition: in the market, you cannot operate in isolation. There are always other companies offering similar product or service. Your price is in one way or to other, and is related to your competitors. We need to understand who the competitors are. First, you have imitative competitors the competitors who are producing technically similar product. You can have secondary competitors : different product selling in the same way. h) Explicability: means that sells people to explain why they are charging particular price, specifically the higher price for product and service. They should be able to justify the price. Think about the Michelin tires, there are one of the biggest manufacturers in the world. As far as car manufacture is considered and being the largest in the market they also charge the premium price for the particular tires. If you are the car manufacturer you want to understand why are you paying the premium price. If they are able to explain why the price is high due specific technology to develop those particular tires, higher quality, the longer life of the product then obviously the manufacturer may be more willing to purchase the product and pay higher price than the competitors. i) Value to customer: it is very mportant to us to estimate what is the product value to the customer; because we can use various methods to assess their value to the customers as far as manufacture product is concerned. We can use different test to see how much customer is ready to pay for the product: 1. rade of analysis :it measure between the price and other product features which may impact the product preference; For example, by using the trade of analysis could it provide it different product features with different price range and could be asked what product they prefer. You can even do the test for a launching the ice cream. By applying trade of analysis you find what should be the optimal price and what qualities should be included in the product which are valued by customers. 2. Experimentation : when we have the particular product , lets say if you think about supermarkets they have hundreds of stores in the I-JK. When the launch a new product in a different location they can launch the same product with different prices i different location, to asses the customers reaction where they are happy to buy a product. They can decide for other stores what should be the price. When they do the experimentation , they can use ontrolled store experiment, they selct some stores and compeer ; for example if you have 300 stores you pick 50 of them and you launch the product and in other 250 you launch the product; then you compare the impact of the price change of those 50 to other 250 stores. . test marketing: works in the way if you have again 300 stores, rather than launching the product you can decided to pick up several stores to launch the product with the particular launching strategy and to see how it is performing as far as the pricing is concern you can make good decision of what should be the pricing, the strategy for the overall product of stores. 4. economic value analysis to the customers: ve ry important to 82B business. They consider the economic value of the product. Ex: Michelin tires . car manufactures purchasing tnelrs product, tney want to unaerstana wnat Is tne economic value 0T partlcular tire And what the duration of this product. for example you pay more, but last double time than the competitors product. PRICING NEW PRODUCT STRATEGIES MARKET SKIMMING: Marketing Skimming Pricing- is when we charge a high price to attract the least price sensitive market segments. We try to attract the market segments, which are not price sensitive. Many companies which invent a new product initially set high prices to skim the revenues layer by layer from the market because when they launch a new product there are not other product available in the market. Good example will be when digital cameras were first introduced they were selling for over E 1000 for the public and for around E 5000 for semi professional. In 2003 when Canon introduced similar cameras but they were priced less than EIOOO they sold 1. billion units in a year because was huge demand. Another good example will be when Sony launched first HD TV in 1990s the price was E30. OOO per TV, and now around E500. There are 7 key factors which should be applicable when we use the skimming market: what we need to take toa count for a particular organization it doesnt need to be all 7 conditions, it could be some of the conditions met. 1. Product provides high value: If the product provides high value you can charge the premium price. But what you need to take to a count is high value could be due functional compatibility of the product; for example, better design, better material, better technology, but also could be some sociological value when you buy a perfume roduct like Chanel, is more a sociological value than the functional value. 2. Customers have high ability to pay: If the customers are not able to buy the product it is very difficult to sell it. For example when you launch the product in the development countries your product could be offer a very high quality , you may have very high demand for a product. However, you cant launch the product using skimming strategy if the income of those people does not allow to buy your product 3. Consumer and bill payer are different: For example hotels. Hotels can charge premium price during the weekdays where mostly business people stay in the hotel. However, on the weekends they can charge much lower prices for the families. During the business needs , the company is more than happy to pay a premium price and the people dont pay for the room, the company that they work for them. The same with the trains, in the morning they charge more, because they now that professional are going to work. 4. Lack of competition: in extreme case you will have the monopoly and there is one large organization in the particular market and where is no competitor you can charge a premium price, because customers they dont have any option, for example the gas/oil company. 5. Excess demand: limited amount of supply and the price for the product goes up. 6. High pressure to buy: in case of emergency customers are happy to pay more for the product o service. For example, the airplanes companies, they pay more for the urgent repairs.. Because where is the problem at the airport territorial and they need and urgent repair. The cost of the urgent situation they will pay the premium price. 7. Switching costs: it could be very expensive Tor me to cnange my product needs Trom one suppller to anotner. IT you think about an organization, lets say if you are particular retail bank and you already nvested millions of pounds in your IT system and you are using lets say windows operating system and on the top of that you are investing rather on other program. Lets say windows 8 and related problems and as a organization you are not happy with your windows operating system; at the same time changing the windows operating system you need to consider the switching cost, money already invested. Changing the operating system can be very expensive( training the stuff and so on). Switching the mobile phones for example from iphone to Samsung, and you have at home your music system that works with the iphone, but doesnt work with the Samsung mobile. So this may be expensive, because you may have to buy a new music system suitable for a Samsung. PRICING NEW PRODUCTS STRATEGIES MARKET PENETRATION PRICING: MARKET PENETRATION PRICING we use aggressively low price to gain volume and market share. Companies can set a initial low price to penetrate the market quickly and deeply to attract a large number of buyers in the market and have large market share. Once the market share is won, organisation may decide to increase the price which happens in most of the times. There are 6 conditions 1. Only feasible alternative: For example if you have a product, which is not so ifferent to competitors product in the market and you want to launch this product you have to go to competitive launch pricing. You try to charge similar price as your competitors or you charge less price to attract more customers. 2. Market penetration or domination: some companies use market penetration or domination strategy to gain the market share. For example, insurance company the Direct Line was launch , aggressively challenge all insurance companies because they offer direct services . And now they are the market leader for home and auto- insurance. 3. Experience curve effect/ low costs: example for higher product which uses market penetration and domination strategy by charging market penetration prices. High quality product you charge lower price , penetration pricing once you have the market share then you increase the price. Good example will be the Mercedes company in the US market in 1967. When they entered the market in the US the Mercedes wasnt known for the quality. They charged much lower price in 1967 to attract more customers, to let customers know. hat good quality cars they were producing. By 1982 the Mercedes doubled the price. if you increase output of the roduct, the cost reduces. If the production double then the cost of producing the product reduces by 20%. The larger corporations which they have high production facilities they can significantly reduce their prices so they have better market competitive advantage to bit the competitors. For examp le, Intel due to the large market share (80%) when they were challenged by smaller company AMD, due to the cost advantages of Intel they could reduce the price up to 60%. Within 6 weeks they defeated the competitor. Because the Itel was already making the huge profit, they could manipulate the prices to bit the competitors. . Make money later or elsewhere: Make money later- when you make a product you are happy to not making any profit Tor tne product you sell, out tnen agaln you wlll make money later on selling additional product. For example the printers. You buy the printer for E30 and then you run of the ink, so you need to buy a new ink for your printer. So if you buy a new one you must buy ink for a particular printer. And then you have to pay some like E40/50, Those companies make more money on selling the inks for the printers than on actually printers. The other example will be the Gillette company with theirs razors. They make more money on razors than on blades. They make 5% on the razors, and 95% is coming from the blades. Make money elsewhere for those who drive the cars so you need a petrol, sometimes supermarket who sells the petrol doesnt make money, but they work as a trigger to attractive people to make the shopping. . Barrier to entry: If you have already low price, it can be difficult for competitors to enter , example : easy Jet and Rainair. They have already large market share they allow to manipulate the market, as at the same time it will be very difficult for a new companies to enter to bit them with the prices. . Predation: is when you artificially reduce price to put you other competitors out of the business. Once you get rid of you competitors then you increase the price for your product. Microsoft was accused for predation, when they banded 3 software such as internet browser and Media Player with his best selling windows operating system. NEW PRODUCT LAUNCH STRATEGY: High Rapid skimming Slow skimming Rapid penetration Slow penetration PROMOTION Low PRICE Rap10 SKImmlng ana Slow sKlmmlng: we cnarge tne premium prlce, promotlon could be high as well or promotion could be low, when we call a slow skimming. RAPID SKIMMING- when we charge a lot of money for the product and spend a lot of on promotion. For example Nike or Adidas: they spend significant amount money on promotion. However, there are some companies whose not spending money on promotion. For example, the Rolls-Royce company , they are expensive, but they dont spend money on promotion because this is very well know brand. The same the Swiss watches. PENETRATION PRICING : THE price is low but we can spend huge amount of money on promotion or lower amount of money on promotion. RAPID PENETRATION: in this case we spend a lot of money on promotion but the price is low. When you think about easy Jet and Rayanair when they spend significant amount of money to promote the cheapest fly. SLOW PENETRATION STRATEGY: when we say the price is low but we dont spend any money on promotion. Especially if we have on label brand , any supermarket ; asda fines wines, etc. PRICING EXISTING PRODUCTS STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES BUILD OBJECTIVE: and e want to increase the market then it would depend whatever on price sensitive market so price lower than competitors. If the price is insensitive then pricing, strategy depends on positioning strategy; for example, sometimes increasing the price could be a etter strategy, depending where you are in the market. Example Luis Vuitton when during Christmas they were struggling with the supplier with their particular bags they did increase the price by 20%. This increase made that people were even more interested to buy the bags. In this situation added value to the brand . HOLD OBJECTIVES: (HOLD SALES/ MARKET SHARE): we are protecting our market share. we dont want to increase our market share but in the same time we dont want to reduce it. Everything depends on how on competitors are doing. Supermarkets: the biggest 6 have their shares and they dont want any other to enter. If Tesco starts the war of reducing the prices then Asda would follow AND THE same strategy would by follow buy other. So they are fghting with each other to make sure they wont lose their position in the market share. HARVEST OBJECTIVE ( MAINTAIN OR RAISING PROFIT MARGINS EVEN THOUGH SALES/ MARKET SHARE FALLING) : when we serve one segment and we want to move to other segment. Reposition the existing product. Ex: Skoda cars, they had to reposition their product, because few years ago their cars were cheap, bad quality. Once Skoda repositioned their segment they became one of the top sellers in the western Europe. PLACE ( DISTRIBUTION)

Plato's theory of justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plato's theory of justice - Essay Example At this point, Plato analyzed the different theories done by different philosophers and gave his own definition pertaining justice since he felt that justice needs a lot of interest and dedication. Plato defined justice from two main point of view: One being, justice from an individual point of view is that it is a ‘human virtue’ responsible for making someone self-reliable and of high quality1. Plato handles justice with seriousness, when he ends up using ‘Dikaisyne’, meaning justice, morality or even righteousness in Greek. Morals mold the responsibilities of man, and the term monitors the whole behavior of man whenever another human being is concerned. Plato asserts that justice is the excellence of the soul, where man alienates unreasonable longing to explore on the pleasures of the world and satisfaction of self-interest pleasure from anything they handle and are comfortable with their way of life. Plato, Unhappy with the ongoing destruction of democrac y in Athens, decided to write about it. He adopted Sophistic education of ethics which ended up with too much individualism stirring to attack the State Office selfishly up Athenians. They ended up separating Athens into two antagonistic camps of the haves and the have-nots, tyrants and the exploited2. Later on, Plato felt that the nonprofessional ship, annoying nature and too much selfishness ought to be addressed. Plato addressed the matter by using a principled society with a perfect justice system to attack, since the research he had done showed that justice is the best medicine in an evil society. Hence, it is paramount that the society questions the shape of insinuated by Plato as an important principle of an organized society. Notably, many philosophers have handled different justice theories were common. The answers to questions pertaining justice starts from the unsophisticated to the complicated elucidation. Therefore, it is paramount that the analysts ask why Plato disreg arded some justice concepts3. Cephalus, a diplomat of traditional integrity of the early trading category, founded the traditional theory of justice. In his view, justice entails honesty and reassures payments of debts to the people one owes. This is the reason Cephalus equates justice with the right behavior. Polemarchus supports Cephalus view concerning justice but alters some information. Polemarchus views justice as extending what one feel proper to one own self. This could be interpreted to mean that justice is pleasing friends while injuring the interests of enemies. The Greek traditional saying also adheres to the theory4. While Cephalus and Polemarchus to support the view, on the other hand, Plato is criticizing the view. According to Plato, Cephalus view was limited, as in a case where the formula infringes the will of right; his method does not accommodate proper acceptable opinion of life. It is wrong to bring the deadly arms to a mad man. Polemarchus was criticized by Pl ato, arguing that it is easier said that done. For example, if one is a friend in an outward manner, and the enemy in truth. How wills one go about the problem? Is there a possibility to do him right as per the definition or act according to the real feelings and administer evil, yet this was contrary to moral requirements. The notion of justice only worked on the relationships between individuals and neglected the rest of society5 . Thrasymachus, on the other han

Each student will provide the class with an overview of the marketing Term Paper

Each student will provide the class with an overview of the marketing strategies used by two companies competing for the same cu - Term Paper Example P&G’s marketing strategy is to develop distribution channels at the local level, and has correspondingly organized its market development units according to its regional markets. It also aims to develop new product brands and enhance its current brand portfolio. Its core competencies include innovation, brand-building, go-to-market capabilities, scale, and consumer understanding. Among the company’s strengths are its strong R&D focus, market leadership, product portfolio diversification, and strong cash position. However, it has experienced increasing incidences of product recalls, high product prices that have caused a decline in sales volume, and a loss in market share. The company expects to recover, however, by widening its customer base and increasing its worldwide market share by advancing more aggressively into emerging markets. It will realize this goal through three initiatives, namely integration, simplification, and digitization. Eventually, it expects to res ume its former positive market growth. Unilever is a global leader in the manufacture and distribution of fast moving consumer goods. Its portfolio includes some of the best known brands in the world, in foods, home care, and personal care. The company’s forerunner was founded in the late 19th century by William Hesketh Lever, but assumed the name Unilever in 1930 when it merged with other consumer goods companies that had likewise been in existence before the turn of the century. It turned global in the sixties, and attained market leadership in the eighties which it maintains to the present. The firm has manufacturing facilities worldwide, and serves a broad cross-section of the market since its products target customers of all walks of life. Among its core competencies are the ability to conceptualize products, its global logistics network, its scientific research in nutrition, and the ability to communicate and influence public behaviour. Its strengths include a strong br and portfolio, diversified revenue streams, and strong focus on R&D and sustainability. It has a problem, however, in maintaining its sales and profitability performance which have constantly declined in the three years covering 2007 to 2009, indicating that it has a particular vulnerability to the current economic recession. This is attributed to intense competition, rising inflation and reduced consumer demand. The company foresees opportunities for growth in emerging markets and chances to enhance its product portfolio by making some select acquisitions. The firm intends to divest some of its non-core business activities and concentrate on its principal product lines. In the immediate future, it aims to double the size of its business while reducing its impact on the

Fan Violence in International Soccer Essay Example for Free

Fan Violence in International Soccer Essay Fan violence in international soccer is a very serious form of aggression and it must be given a lot of attention by the games’ stake holders. Fan violence in international soccer involves actions that are taken by the football supporters and fights between the supporters of rival teams may sometimes take place after the football matches. The fights could also be prearranged in locations that are away from the stadiums so that the fans can avoid the police interventions. Fan violence can be at times be prompted by violent actions which involve the players themselves or any other form of event that could be taking place during a game or even disturbances and riots that are sport related and often they occur for other reasons. Fan violence in international soccer has been on the increase as it is known as the existence of an essentially unstable and an abnormal temperament in some individuals who happen for some reason to have taken soccer as an arena in which they act out their instabilities. (Smith, 1983) It has become very difficult to deal with the offenders in the football matches and the international football federation has had difficulties punishing the spectators who misbehave themselves . The international football federation has also had to deal with issues that prompt fans violence in soccer matches such as providing seats in place of standing accommodation, initiating maximum cooperation between the police and the football clubs and also ensuring that there is an absolute acceptance of the referees decisions by everybody in the football arena. The key stakeholders of the soccer game are the international football federation who ensure that the punishment that is given to the offenders and to those who participate in football hooliganism should match the seriousness of the offence. It is notably very true that the consumption of alcohol is a very important factor in crowd misbehavior especially in places where the football matches are taking place. (Smith, 1987) The football fans are mainly controlled by the activities and the popularize of different clubs . This makes it a contest as they embark on slogans chants and even songs so that they can demonstrate their support to the teams they support. The violence that exists between the sets of fans is seen as a part of their participation in the game. Violent fans and those who mainly participate in violent actions in the international soccer are basically those people who are young and unemployed. It also involves also those who are members of fanatic clubs and they are poorly educated since they attribute most of their behavior to the external factors rather than the internal ones. In most case there are usually two matches going on in a football stadium and whereas one match concerns the football teams that are on the pitch and the second match usually involves the fanatic fans whose interests are not in the game as such but on the opportunities which are offered by the football such as meeting the club mates and giving vents to their emotions and energies in the battles with others. (Smith, 1983) It is at times very complex to handle fan violence in soccer ethically since the game requires intense physical contact which may cause harm of injury. When the stake holders access the moral status of an action, they examine the issue of consent by the person on whom the action has been performed. Actions by the fans which are outside the rules of the federation of international soccer are considered to be morally unacceptabl. Reference: Smith, M. (1983): Violence and Sport, Toronto, Ontario: Butterworth’s. Smith, M. (1987): Violence in Canadian Amateur Sport, a Review of the Literature, Ottawa, Ontario, Commission for Fair Play, Government of Canada.

Katherine and Bianca of The Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays

Katherine and Bianca of The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew brings out the comedic side of Shakespeare where irony and puns carry the play throughout. In my paper, I will concentrate on one the irony of the play, the introduction of the two sisters. These two sisters begin off with the elder, Katherine, viewed as a shrew, and Bianca as the angelic younger of the two. However, as the play proceeds, we begin to see the true sides of the two sisters and their roles totally turn around. I will try to analyze the method in which Shakespeare introduces the two sisters and how he hints their true identity and the events for the rest of the play during the first two acts. Although even her father calls her a shrew, Katherine has a deeper character than the epithet would imply. From the beginning we see that she is continually placed second in her father's affections, and despised by all others. Bianca on the other hand, is identified as the favorite, playing the long-suffering angel, increasing Baptisa's distinction between the two. As Katherine recognizes her sister's strategy, her reaction is as one can imagine how another would react suffering this type of bias for so many years. She is hurt and she seeks revenge. This is seen in Act II, Scene I, when Katherine sums up her own state: "I will go sit and weep/ Till I can find occasion of revenge" (35-36). It is an immature response, but the only one she knows, and it serves the dual purpose of cloaking her hurt. The transformation, which she undergoes near the end of the play, is not one of character, but one of attitude. At the end of the play, we find out that her negative attitude becomes a positive one. The shrew is not a shrew at all beneath the surface. The play begins introducing Katherine with her father's words of shame towards her when he offers his eldest daughter to the two suitors of Bianca. The audience is then given their first impression of Katherine from the Gremio, a suitor of Bianca, right after her father's words when he says: "To cart her, rather.

One Night Stands and Regret Essay

Sex is considered a taboo up until we become college students. We have people whom want to remain chaste until marriage, we have people whom want to have experimental encounters with as many people as they can in college, and then there are people whom would only consider having sexual relations with their significant other. College parties are wild and it is guaranteed that at least 5 couples will end up hooking up at the end of the night. Most hook ups becomes one-night stands. If we were to ask those individuals if they regret their past encounters many would say yes because drugs or alcohol were involved. Drugs and and alcohol play an important role in sex. It is more likely for an intoxicated person to engage in sexual encounters than a sober person. In the magazine Psychology Today, there is an article called â€Å"If I Could do it All Over Again† that talks about the half-life of sex. In this article we are informed with statistics of men and women whom admit as to why they regret their past encounters. The article also explains scenarios of cases where sexual encounters break relationships and marriages. The biggest questioned raised by Matt Huston in his article is â€Å"When it comes to sexual misadventures, why do we feel so wrong about that which, in the heat of the moment, felt so right?† (Huston 39). Huston suggests that people feel thrill when having encounters rather than casual sex. What is there to regret of sex? Women who lose their virginity in a sexual encounter regret it because they feel like they lost their pureness to the wrong man. Women also regret having sexual encounters because they feel like they moved too fast to jump into sex. Men have other type of regrets. There are men who regret no jumping into bed and having sex with a random person. There are men who regret not being more sexually active in their youth. On a survey done to men and women, 55% of men regret not having sexual encounters. 48% of men regret not being sexually active at a young age. 43% of women regret moving too fast and jumping into sex. 41% of women regret  losing their virginity to the wrong person. Both men and women regret things differently. Women regret most of their past sexual encounters while men regret not having more sexual encounters. A very interesting study done in the Journal of Sex research, finds that regardless of sex, both genders that engage in sex with relative strangers may actually be more anxious and depressed. Another impactful statistic is that more than 70% of â€Å"college students who’d had a one-night stand had also experienced sexual regret† (39). This magazine article is very informative. It really doesn’t persuade people not to have sexual encounters; it just informs us about the people who regret sexual encounters. The magazine’s job is to inform us of a topic that really isn’t talked about on a daily basis. One can say that this magazine is sending out a subliminal message, which is to think before we engage in sexual encounters. The magazine believes that this generation has changed the idea of sex and has created a new a separate type of sex called sexual encounters. It also shows how many of these people show regret for past encounters. While shopping at Target I looked around and saw the books and magazines sections. I decided to buy a National Geographic magazine. The cover had an interesting hook; it basically said that Aliens weren’t far from earth. I bought the magazine and read the article, however, it didn’t finish the article when I decided to return the magazine to the store. The article was very boring, the language wasn’t clear to understand, and the text became boring the further I read. I went back to Target and looked around for another magazine and I decided to look at Psychology Today. My initial article to write my essay was on â€Å"Daydreams† and how those fantasies affect our futures. As I flipped through the magazine I came across the topic of sex. I read the title and I felt a relation to that topic. We’re college students and we know people whom participate in sexual encounters. Sexual encounters are something that is incredibly popular in college and especially at parties and clubs. It is interesting to know how both men and women feel after sexual encounters. Before I read this article I had no opinion on sexual encounters. I have a few friends whom participate in this type of acts. I always tell them to use protection and avoid stupid mistakes. I don’t judge people, everyone makes mistakes and many of us keep making mistakes. After I read this article it hit me. I used to believe that when someone engages in sexual encounters they aren’t sensitive and don’t have emotional feelings. But this magazine proved me wrong. Men and women do feel regret; their regret differs but they still feel regret based on a sexual encounter. I don’t regret reading this article because it really caught my attention. I scanned the article and emailed it to some of my friends. I was really amazed with the research that explained that most of the people who participate in sexual encounters are anxious and depressed. It is rude to ask personal questions to people but I’d be very interested in knowing if they are anxious or depressed. If I ever feel the necessity of participating in a sexual encounter I will think back to this article and analyze the moment. Drugs and alcohol are not our friends and intoxication can make us do things we wouldn’t do when sober. I would also think of the statistics of people whom regret the sexual encounters. This article has made me realize that there is a negative effect on sexual encounters, there is more to than just sex. Sex involves feelings. I think that every college student should read this article. Many people could prevent feeling regretful if they read an interesting article like this one. Works Cited Huston, Matt. â€Å"If I Could Do It All Over Again.† Psychology Today 1 Mar. 2014: 37-39. Print.

Jackie Robinson An Advocate For Civil Rights - 897 Words

Since the formation of America, there have been many people who helped create the country as it is known today. Their lives and choices affected the course of history of the US for the better. Many of these characters attacked the racism of America. African Americans have had to deal with great discrimination and unequal treatment acted upon them. Because of this, these great figures rose up to fight against racism and give African Americans the rights they deserve. One of these contributors to American culture that fought against racism was Jackie Robinson. Jackie Robinson was a famous baseball player who aided in the integration of African Americans in many areas of life. Robinson began his role as an advocate for civil rights in America even before he was drafted onto a major league baseball team. In 1942, he was inducted into the Army. This was during World War II. At this time, there was still racial discrimination in the Army. It wasn’t as much as back in the South, however it was still prominent. Robinson was part of a segregated unit located in Camp Hood. He became a lieutenant pretty quick, although he still had to go through opposition to become one. At the time, Lieutenant Robinson’s fight against racism started when he boarded a military bus, towards the middle. Once the bus driver saw Robinson, he ordered him to move to the back of the bus. Robinson refused and argued with the driver. After the altercation, Robinson was asked to move to the hospital to stay,Show MoreRelatedJackie Robinson And The American Dilemma882 Words   |  4 PagesIn the biography Jackie Robinson and the American Dilemma by John R. M. Wilson, it tells the story of racial injustice done after world war II and explains how Jackie Robinson was pioneer of better race relations in the United States. 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